Why Does India Produce So Many Engineers?

In India, a sheer number of individuals choose to pursue engineering as a career path. While this is clear from the national statistics, it is also evident that a high percentage of these engineers face challenges in finding employment. According to leading employer reports, nearly 80% of engineering graduates are deemed unemployable. This paradox is intricately linked to the inadequacies of the educational system and the expectations placed on both institutions and students.

The Educational Landscape

On one hand, there are numerous colleges that aim to maximize their profits rather than focusing on quality education. On the other hand, many parents are willing to pay substantial fees as donations for admission into such institutions. This juxtaposition leads to a cycle where these colleges churn out largely unprepared and unable-to-apply graduates, labeled as 'useless engineers.'

The Demographics of Universities and Professions in India

Despite the vast population of India (138 Crores as of 2023), many professions such as BBA, BA, LLB, and BTech are highly popular. The sheer number of students means that expectations and perceptions of these fields are often skewed. For instance, the number of non-Science Graduates (BBA, BA, BCA, BMS) is roughly twice that of Science graduates each year. Thus, it is not surprising that engineering graduates significantly outnumber those in other professions.

Choosing Engineering and Its Implications

Why do people choose engineering over other fields? The decision is often driven by a combination of factors that are deeply rooted in societal, personal, and systemic influences.

1. Prestige

Engineering remains a prestigious field in many social circles and cultures. The reputation associated with engineering can provide a sense of importance and recognition within one's community.

2. Practical Application

Engineering courses offer practical learning where one can observe and understand how things work. This hands-on approach is invaluable for developing critical thinking and problem-solving skills.

3. Making a Visible Impact

Engineers play a crucial role in creating tangible changes in the world, from structures to technology. This personal connection to one's work can be incredibly fulfilling and motivating.

4. Versatility and Readiness for Challenges

Engineering curricula often involve tackling complex problems under time constraints, honing skills that are versatile and applicable across various domains. This readiness equips engineers to handle a wide range of challenges, whether anticipated or not.

5. Diverse Background

Engineering degrees offer a broad educational experience. Students are exposed to diverse subjects like coding, practical workshops, and multidisciplinary studies, which prepare them for a variety of industries.

6. Career Opportunities Post-Graduation

Engineering opens up numerous career pathways, both within and outside of the technical realm. Graduates can pursue jobs in government sectors, technical positions, and management roles, thus offering more flexibility and scope than graduates from other disciplines.

7. Higher Studies and Dual Knowledge

Engineering graduates have the option to continue their education in various domains, and industries often prefer candidates with both technical and managerial skills. Additionally, dual degrees like Engineering and Law are increasing in demand.

8. Psychological Influences

For many, engineering offers a challenge that is highly stimulating. The societal stereotype of scientists being more intelligent than non-scientists often comes into play, making engineering a seemingly more advanced and prestigious choice.

9. Lack of Guidance and Peer Pressure

The rigid educational system in India often forces 10th graders to decide on their streams based on limited understanding, leading many to choose science and subsequently engineering. A lack of career counseling and diverse exposure during formative years further contribute to this trend, exacerbated by peer pressure and societal stereotypes.

Conclusion

While the challenge of employing every engineering graduate remains a pressing issue, the decision to pursue engineering is multifaceted and often influenced by a range of personal, social, and systemic factors. As India continues to grapple with this disparity, it is crucial to address the underlying issues to ensure that the country's engineering talent is utilized effectively.