Understanding OPT: Definition and Types

Welcome to the comprehensive guide on Optional Practical Training (OPT). OPT is a vital component of the F-1 student visa program, providing temporary employment opportunities directly related to your field of study. In this article, we will explore the definition of OPT and the different types available to F-1 students.

What is the Definition of OPT?

Optional Practical Training (OPT) is a type of temporary employment authorized for F-1 (F-1 student visa) students. This allows them to work in their field of study, either before or after completing their academic program. The purpose of OPT is to provide hands-on work experience that complements their academic studies, potentially leading to career opportunities or even employment.

Types of OPT

There are two main types of OPT available to F-1 students: pre-completion OPT and post-completion OPT. Each type has specific requirements and limitations, which we will explore below.

Pre-completion OPT

Pre-completion OPT is the opportunity for F-1 students to work in their field of study while they are still completing their academic program. This type of OPT is available after the student has been legally enrolled in a full-time program for at least one academic year at a U.S. institution certified by the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (USCIS) Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP).

The duration of pre-completion OPT is 12 months. During this period, students are allowed to work up to 20 hours per week while attending school and can work full-time while on break. It is important to note that the period of pre-completion OPT counts toward their overall OPT eligibility, meaning it is deducted from the post-completion OPT time.

Post-completion OPT

Post-completion OPT allows F-1 students to work in their field of study after they have completed their academic program. This type of OPT is also authorized for 12 months, although there is no restriction on the number of hours worked (full or part-time).

To qualify for post-completion OPT, students must apply after they have finished their studies. The application process involves a detailed application package that includes evidence of program completion, transcripts, and other relevant documentation. Successful completion of post-completion OPT can significantly enhance a student's resume and overall employment prospects.

STEM OPT Extension

For students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields, OPT has some additional benefits. STEM majors are eligible for an extension of OPT if they successfully complete their degree. This extension is known as the STEM OPT Extension.

To qualify for the STEM OPT Extension, students must have applied for the initial 12 months of OPT and have at least 3 months remaining before their initial OPT period ends. This allows students to apply for the additional 24 months, making a total of 36 months of OPT. It is important to apply for this extension capped at 24 months once the initial 12 months OPT is approved.

Eligibility and Restrictions

It's worth noting that students are eligible for up to 12 months of OPT regardless of their degree level. However, the OPT end date cannot be more than 14 months from the program end date. This ensures that students have sufficient time to find employment and transition into their careers.

During the OPT period, students must maintain their F-1 status. This means they should continue to register for at least one course if they are engaged in post-completion OPT and return before the end of the academic term during pre-completion OPT.

Conclusion

In summary, OPT provides valuable practical experience for F-1 students, enhancing their academic and professional profiles. By understanding the different types of OPT available—pre-completion and post-completion—and the eligibility requirements, students can make informed decisions that benefit their future careers.

Remember, the key to successfully navigating OPT is to carefully plan and adhere to the requirements throughout the process. If you have any questions or need further assistance, feel free to seek guidance from your institution's international student office or a licensed immigration attorney.