The Spectrum of Autism Severity: Understanding the Wide Range of Autistic Experiences

When discussing the severity of autism, it is important to understand that the condition exists on a wide spectrum. The severity of autism often correlates with IQ levels, but this simplification can obscure the complexity and diversity of experiences that individuals with autism have.

Correlation Between IQ and Autism

The relationship between IQ and autism severity is a common point of discussion, but it is crucial to recognize that this correlation is not straightforward. Lower IQ levels are often associated with more severe autism symptoms, as individuals find it more challenging to cope with the condition. However, the correlation is not absolute, and many people with higher IQs still experience significant struggles.

Different IQ Ranges and Their Implications

According to statistical data, about 57% of people with autism have an IQ below 85, which is considered the average IQ range of 85-115. Approximately 25% have an IQ between 70 and 84, a range associated with Borderline Intellectual Functioning (BIF). About 32% have an IQ below 70, which is associated with Intellectual Disability (ID). This distribution suggests that autism can be experienced in a wide range of intellectual abilities.

Given that autism severity probably divides people with autism into thirds, it is important to approach discussions of autistic experiences with caution. The concept of “most people” does not accurately capture the vast range of experiences and challenges faced by individuals with autism.

Rethinking the Concept of "Most People" with Autism

The question of what constitutes “severity” of autism is further complicated by the wide range of experiences. Terms like “severity” are often measured against predefined benchmarks, but these benchmarks do not always reflect the true diversity of autistic lives. Some individuals with autism have achieved remarkable success, such as obtaining two doctorate degrees or holding prestigious careers.

Conversely, others may require more supportive living arrangements, such as a secured group home with 24/7 supervision. The spectrum is vast and includes a wide range of abilities and needs. Therefore, the term “most people” is not a realistic metric for autism severity.

For example, while some individuals may live in their parents' basement, others are highly functional and can live independently, perhaps holding jobs that require a high school diploma, such as positions at Walmart or McDonald’s. These individuals tend to progress through their careers, further emphasizing the diversity of experiences within the autism spectrum.

Challenges and Societal Expectations

Individuals with autism who do not fall into the category of Borderline Intellectual Functioning or Intellectual Disability face unique challenges. They must navigate life independently, deal with societal expectations, and often pursue higher education and career paths. These challenges can be just as daunting, if not more so, than those faced by individuals with lower IQs.

The subtle and nuanced societal expectations faced by individuals with higher IQs can be particularly difficult. They are often expected to perform at levels that may not be realistic or achievable for them, leading to feelings of inadequacy and frustration.

Conclusion

The autism spectrum is vast and complex, and simplistic categorizations such as “severity” do not fully capture the range of experiences. Understanding these nuances is crucial for mental health professionals and counselors to provide appropriate support and resources. It is essential to recognize the diverse strengths and challenges of individuals with autism and to approach each person with the individuality they deserve.

By acknowledging the wide range of autistic experiences, we can work towards creating a more inclusive and supportive society for all individuals on the autism spectrum.