The Role of Individualism and Self-Reliance in American Identity

Americans have long espoused the virtues of individualism and self-reliance, often citing these values as central to their identity and success. The foundational beliefs rooted in Calvinism and Puritanism have greatly influenced these values, shaping American culture and personal ethos. However, the desire for freedom and opportunity led immigrants to a land where they could establish themselves as kings of their own realms, fostering a sense of independence and self-sufficiency that is deeply rooted in American society.

The Influence of Philosophy and History

Thomas Jefferson, a key figure in American history, was significantly influenced by the philosophy of John Locke. Locke’s ideas on private property and individual rights resonated with the colonists, contributing to the formation of a society that values personal freedom and autonomy. This is evident in the lack of reservation of rights to groups or 'classes' and the deep understanding of private property, which is seen as an extension of the self.

The colonists, driven by the need to survive in a new and often hostile environment, had to develop a high degree of self-sufficiency. They learned to rely on themselves for basic necessities, fostering a culture of independence and self-reliance. This is particularly evident in the ad hoc or customary groups that formed to address specific issues that individuals could not solve on their own, aligning with Locke’s notion of private property and individual rights.

The Paradox of Individualism and Dependence on Others

There is a paradox, however, in the way Americans balance individualism with dependence on others. While Americans often celebrate their individuality and self-reliance, they also define themselves through the political leaders they support, such as presidents like Donald Trump, Joe Biden, Barack Obama, George W. Bush, Bill Clinton, Jimmy Carter, Gerald Ford, Richard Nixon, and John F. Kennedy. This suggests a tension between the ideal of the independent, self-reliant individual and the role of external figures who guide and shape their identities.

Individualism is not just about personal independence; it is also about the skills and qualities one possesses that can be used both individually and within a group. The group, composed of individuals who bring their unique skills and talents, is seen as a means to achieve collective goals. This perspective aligns with the belief in the value of versatility and adaptability, which are necessary in a dynamic and ever-changing society.

The Importance of Self-Reliance in American History

The majority of Americans in the 19th and much of the 20th century lived on rural family farms, isolated from urban centers. Living 20 to 30 miles away from the nearest town, they needed to be inventive, resourceful, and prepared for emergencies. Self-reliance was crucial for survival and success, and those who possessed a wide variety of skills, from felling trees to delivering babies, were seen as essential for maintaining the community. This environment fostered a strong sense of individualism and self-reliance, driving innovation and the development of new technologies and inventions.

Self-reliance was not just a practical necessity; it was also seen as a virtue. It instilled confidence in individuals to operate independently but also to contribute to the community when needed. The value of individualism and self-reliance has helped to shape American culture, making it a place where individuals are encouraged to think and act independently, yet still value the importance of contributing to the greater good.

Conclusion

The values of individualism and self-reliance are deeply embedded in American culture and identity. While they have evolved over time and face certain criticisms, they continue to be important aspects of American society. The tension between individual independence and communal cooperation is a complex, but essential, part of the American experience.

References:

Locke, John. "Two Treatises of Government" Jefferson, Thomas. "Declaration of Independence" Ross, Ellen. "The Making of America: A History of the American People