The Path to Power: How and Why Hamas Gained Dominance in Gaza

The narrative often surrounding Hamas in Gaza is one of ruthless and undemocratic seizure of power. However, the reality is more complex and nuanced.

Historical Context and the Resurgence of Hamas

Before Hamas gained control, the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC) was dominated by Fatah, led by Yasser Arafat's Fatah party. Fatah had governed the Palestinian territories, including both the West Bank and Gaza, under the umbrella of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).

Hamas initially garnered significant support as a reaction to the corruption and failure of the Fatah-led government. Its strict interpretation of Islam and anti-Israel stance resonated with many who felt marginalized and disenchanted.

Hamas’s rise to power was not a smooth transition; it was characterized by political maneuvering, financial support, and, at times, violent conflict. However, it is inaccurate to claim that Hamas came to power solely through threats and intimidation.

Financial Maneuvering and Political Funding

Benjamin Netanyahu’s administration in Israel attempted to leverage financial support to help Hamas gain an edge in the election. Israel’s hope was that by providing billions of dollars through Qatar, Hamas would become an independent entity from the Fatah-led Palestinian Authority in the West Bank, thereby splintering the Palestinian leadership.

However, this strategic move backfired as Hamas’s rise was even more rapid than anticipated. The influx of funds did not stop Hamas’s growth but instead accelerated it, as the movement’s support base in Gaza expanded.

Electoral Process and Results

Leading up to the 2006 Palestinian legislative elections, there were significant inaccuracies and conflicting reports. Exit polls suggested that both Fatah and Hamas were close in the tally, with Fatah estimated to have won a majority. However, the final results declared that Hamas won 74 seats, while Fatah took 45.

Interestingly, both sides claimed victory, with Hamas leaders asserting they would win 77 seats. This created a tense situation, with Fatah leaders conceding defeat and Hamas instincts to form the new government.

International Observations and Outcomes

Observations from independent groups like the National Democratic Institute (NDI) and the Carter Center confirmed the legitimacy of the Hamas victory, despite the initial confusion and suspicion surrounding the results. These observers noted that Hamas’s victory was a clear and decisive one, with no signs of significant irregularities or fraud.

The aftermath of the election was marked by political infighting and a resurgence of violence. Hamas leaders called for the formation of a new government, while Fatah officials urged a coalition. Ahmed Qurei, the Prime Minister, resigned, handing over the reins to Hamas.

Conclusion

The rise of Hamas in Gaza is a multifaceted story. While it was undeniably a political and financial power play, it was also a response to governance failures. The movement’s rise was marked by both democratic and undemocratic elements, leading to significant changes in the political landscape.

As the world continues to grapple with the complexities of the conflict, understanding the nuanced path to power of Hamas is crucial for comprehending the ongoing challenges and potential solutions in the region.