Should a US President Salute Officers of a Foreign Country?

Salute Etiquette and Protocol

In today's globalized world, understanding proper military etiquette and protocol becomes crucial, especially when dealing with officials from other nations. This article delves into the question of whether a US President should salute officers of a foreign country. Drawing on historical context and current practices, we will explore the nuances of this tradition.

The Role of the US President

The US President, as Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, holds a unique position. However, they are by law a civilian. This means they are not part of the military hierarchy. Consequently, while the President does not have a legal obligation to return a salute, they are still expected to maintain certain courtesies. Generally, it is customary to return any salute given, regardless of who gives it. Failing to return a salute is considered rude and a breach of protocol.

Historical Context and Customs

Modern saluting customs in the United States have their roots in the presidency. According to Ronald Reagan, the practice of saluting was reestablished. Since then, all US Presidents have followed this tradition. This custom, however, does not necessarily extend to foreign military officers.

Should a US President Salute Foreign Officers?

The question remains: should a US President salute officers of foreign countries? The logic behind saluting officers within one's own military does not necessarily translate to foreign officers. The tradition of saluting is a sign of respect and a demonstration of good will, but it is not a requirement for the President as a civilian.

Historically, the US President has not been required to return the salute of foreign officers. For instance, President Dwight D. Eisenhower had to resign his commission to become President and stopped saluting or returning salutes. President John F. Kennedy later restored his commission and rank because Eisenhower wished to be buried in his uniform. These examples illustrate that the practice of saluting foreign officers is not a legal or institutional requirement for the President.

Current Practices and Exceptions

While the general rule is to return a salute, there are exceptions and special situations. US military officials, for example, are expected to return a salute given to them by a civilian or military leader, including foreign officers, if it is appropriate. However, the President, as a civilian, does not have the obligation to salute or return a salute outside of official military contexts.

For instance, in 2013, General Martin Dempsey of the US Army returned a salute given to General Fang Fenghui of the People's Liberation Army. In 2018, the commanding officer of USS Boxer saluted Admiral Ingham of the Australian Navy. In 2015, US Navy sailors of USS Bon Homme Richard saluted Admiral Thongsaard of the Thai Navy. In 2017, US Navy and US Marine Corps chaplains kowtowed to His Holiness Ariyavongsagatanana, the Supreme Patriarch of the Order of Sangha, during a visit to Thailand. These instances exemplify the widespread saluting norms in military and diplomatic contexts.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the US President does not have a legal or institutional requirement to salute officers of foreign countries. The practice of saluting is a custom, and while it is customary to return any salute given, the decision not to do so as a civilian does not make it a breach of protocol. The President's role is to maintain diplomatic and ceremonial decorum, rather than imitate military customs.