Role of Nurses in Surgical Settings: Understanding the Required Personnel

In the realm of surgical practice, the roles of various healthcare professionals are meticulously defined to ensure that surgical procedures are carried out with utmost precision and safety. Traditionally, the term 'nurse' evoked images of individuals directly involved in patient care, but over time, the division of labor has evolved, with specialized roles becoming more prominent. Today, while registered nurses (RNs) and licensed practical nurses (LPNs) remain integral to surgical preparation and care, their responsibilities have shifted to complement a broader array of roles.

Circulating Nurses and Scrub Techs

Modern surgical procedures often do not involve RNs and LPNs in the direct transfer of surgical instruments, a responsibility that has been largely assumed by surgical technologists, also known as scrub techs. These techs are specialized in sterilizing and organizing surgical instruments, ensuring that the operating room is prepared. However, the role of the RN and LPN remains crucial in other areas of patient care.

Responsibilities of RNs and LPNs in Surgery

An RN is still responsible for several critical tasks before, during, and after surgical procedures. The preoperative phase is a period of intense activity for the RN. They are responsible for ensuring that the patient is prepared both psychologically and physically for surgery. This includes initiating preoperative antibiotics, which play a vital role in preventing infections. Positioning the patient correctly and ensuring that they are comfortable and secure in the surgical position is another key responsibility. Additionally, the RN assists in ensuring that the patient’s gowns are properly tied and secured.

Roles of Other Key Personnel

While the RN and LPN roles are significant, other key personnel are also indispensable. Anesthesia providers, often referred to as anesthetists, are crucial in managing the patient's anesthesia. Ensuring that the patient is immobile and pain-free during the procedure, as well as carefully monitoring their physiological responses, is a complex task that requires specialized training and expertise.

Additional Support Staff

For major surgeries, the surgical team may include several other specialists. Additional surgeons and assistants come into play to ensure that complex procedures are handled efficiently. The support of theatre technicians is vital in managing the technical aspects of the surgery, from instrument supply to sterile field maintenance. Occasionally, laboratory personnel may also need to be present to assist with specimen collection or other laboratory procedures.

Outpatient vs. Inpatient Settings

The context in which the surgical procedure is performed can also influence the roles of various healthcare professionals. In outpatient settings, where patients do not stay overnight post-surgery, the roles of the RN and LPN may be somewhat different. While both play key roles, the RN is more likely to be involved in assisting during the surgery, whereas the LPN often focuses on patient preparation, such as starting IV lines and administering preoperative medications.

Conclusion

The complexity of surgical procedures necessitates a well-coordinated team effort with each member playing a vital role. From preoperative care to intraoperative support and postoperative recovery, the contributions of nurses, anesthetists, specialists, and support staff are indispensable. Understanding the roles of these professionals not only enhances patient care but also ensures smoother surgical outcomes.

Keywords: registered nurse (RN), licensed practical nurse (LPN), surgical team