Is Strategic Planning a Science or Part of Management?

Strategic planning is a complex and multifaceted process that fits under the broader umbrella of management but stands as a recognized and distinct field in its own right. It involves a combination of art and science, where structured methodologies and creative thinking work in tandem to create a strategic direction for an organization. This article will explore the essence of strategic planning, its relationship with management, and the evolving landscape of this important business skill.

Strategic Planning: A Unique Field within Management

Strategic planning is often discussed in the context of management, which encompasses a wide array of functions and disciplines. However, it is not merely a subset of management; it is a specialized field that requires unique skills and competencies. Strategic planning involves identifying and defining long-term goals and developing a comprehensive approach to achieve them. This process is not solely about numbers and data; it is also about understanding the broader context in which an organization operates.

Structured Methodologies in Strategic Planning

There are several structured methodologies that support and refine the strategic planning process, such as environmental scanning and scenario planning. Environmental scanning involves examining the external factors that may impact an organization, such as market trends, regulatory changes, and technological advancements. Scenario planning, on the other hand, uses a set of potential futures to explore different strategic options and their implications.

While these and other methodologies are valuable, they do not transform strategic planning into a science. A science is characterized by quantifiable laws, theories, and experiments that are testable and verifiable. Strategic planning, in contrast, often deals with the unpredictable and the uncertain. It requires a blend of empirical data, subjective judgment, and intuitive decision-making.

The Art and Luck of Effective Strategic Planning

The most effective strategic planning is the result of a harmonious blend of art and luck. The art involves creativity, innovation, and the ability to imagine future possibilities. It requires a deep understanding of the organization's values, mission, and strengths. The luck component, on the other hand, acknowledges the role of chance and unforeseen events that can significantly influence the outcome of a strategic plan.

For instance, a well-crafted strategic plan that takes into account market trends and technological advancements may still fail due to unpredictable economic downturns or regulatory changes. Conversely, a plan that seems highly viable may succeed beyond expectations due to favorable market conditions or superior execution. This interplay between art and luck underscores the complexity and unpredictability of strategic planning.

Learning More about Strategic Planning

The best place to learn more about strategic planning is through the Association for Strategic Planning (ASP). ASP is a professional organization that provides a wealth of resources, including books, articles, webinars, and conferences. Founded in 1989, the association has a rich history of advancing the field of strategic planning through education, research, and certification programs.

The Development of a Body of Knowledge and Certification Program

I was proud to serve on the task force that developed the Body of Knowledge (BOK) for strategic planners. The BOK is a comprehensive set of competencies and skills that are essential for effective strategic planning. It covers various dimensions such as strategy formulation, implementation, and evaluation. The development of the BOK was a significant milestone in standardizing the educational and professional requirements for strategic planners.

Furthermore, after the BOK was developed, I played a crucial role in creating a certification program. This program recognizes individuals who have demonstrated the necessary skills and competencies to be effective strategic planners. It includes rigorous exams and ongoing professional development requirements. The certification program has helped to raise the standards in the field and provide a framework for those seeking to pursue a career in strategic planning.

Conclusion

While strategic planning is indeed a distinct field within management, it is not a science in the traditional sense. It is a dynamic and evolving process that requires a combination of structured methodologies and creative thinking. As the business landscape continues to evolve, the importance of strategic planning will only grow. By staying informed and equipped with the right skills, professionals canNavigate the complexities of strategic planning and drive success for their organizations.