Understanding the Criteria for Involuntary Commitment of Teenagers to Mental Institutions

In many jurisdictions, including California, there are specific criteria and processes in place that allow for the involuntary commitment of teenagers to mental institutions. This article aims to provide clarity on these criteria, the procedures involved, and the outcomes that can result from such commitments.

California's Criteria for Involuntary Commitment

The Los Angeles Department of Mental Health outlines three criteria under which a minor can be held involuntarily in a psychiatric facility:

Danger to Others: A specific intent to harm another individual, coupled with the means to carry out that intent, related to a mental illness. Danger to Self: An intent to harm oneself. Gravely Disabled: Inability to perform basic daily tasks for self-care due to their mental disorder.

These criteria aim to ensure that involuntary commitment is only used as a last resort and when there is a clear and present danger to the individual or others.

The Process and Duration of Involuntary Commitment

If a minor is committed involuntarily, the commitment is for evaluation and assistance. In California, the initial hold is for 72 hours. During this time, a new assessment is conducted to determine if the teenager is no longer a danger to themselves or others. If the teenager is still deemed to be a risk, the time period can be extended. Additionally, alternative options may be discussed with the family.

The model of care has evolved significantly in recent decades. Many teenagers who exhibit severe issues are now able to return home within a few days, with appropriate care and follow-up appointments.

Common Causes and Misdiagnosis

One of the most common causes for involuntary commitment, even when a teenager is not initially diagnosed with a mental illness, is the suspicion that the person may be mentally ill. This suspicion is often correct, but in some cases, the underlying cause may be something else, such as a physical illness, a developmental issue, or drug use. Mental health professionals may suspect a mental illness if the symptoms are severe and are significantly impacting the teenager's functioning and well-being.

Mental Health Act in England

In the UK, under the Mental Health Act, people including teenagers can be detained in psychiatric hospitals for the assessment of a possible mental illness if their symptoms present a very serious risk to their health or safety, or to the safety of others. This applies only if the person does not consent to admission and there is no other safe option to ensure an assessment can be conducted.

The goal is to determine whether the person has a mental illness or if another cause, such as a physical condition or drug use, is responsible for the symptoms. In the latter case, the person may be discharged from involuntary detention and steps may be taken to address the identified causes.

Conclusion

While involuntary commitment to mental institutions is a serious matter, understanding the criteria, procedures, and potential outcomes can help families and healthcare providers navigate this challenging situation more effectively. It is always advisable to seek professional guidance and support when dealing with these issues.