Effective Strategies for Hospital Staff to Manage Aggressive Patients

Managing aggressive patients in a hospital setting can be challenging and stressful. However, there are specific strategies that can help hospital staff handle such situations safely and effectively. This article explores practical methods and best practices for dealing with agitated or aggressive patients.

Understanding and Addressing the Root Cause

The best way to handle an aggressive patient is to approach them in a way that does not cause defensive or aggressive reactions. Proper training taught in medical and nursing programs emphasizes the importance of active listening and providing a safe environment. If possible, sit down and listen to the patient without trying to argue. It is crucial to gather witness support and have a quick exit plan.

Steps for Managing Aggressive Patients

First and foremost, immediately call for help and ensure you have security personnel present, preferably a male. Address the patient verbally, attempting to calm them down and discover the underlying cause of their behavior. Depending on the situation, medical intervention or a personal aide (sitter) might be needed for safety purposes. Always ensure the patient, the staff, and others are protected. Never handle the situation alone.

In extreme cases, if the patient is mentally competent, set firm limits and gather a group of support personnel to deter the patient from further aggression. In these situations, calling security for backup is essential. If the patient's behavior is due to mental illness, medication may be necessary. However, obtaining physician approval and ensuring all safety protocols are followed is crucial.

Historical Context and Unique Interventions

Historically, some practices were used to manage aggressive patients. For example, during the 1920s, medical staff, such as the author's mother, would use small bottles of alcohol and cotton wool pads. These were applied to specific areas, such as the eye, to cool down agitated male patients. In a case where a patient was intentionally 'flashing,' a considerable amount of alcohol was sprinkled on the patient, leading to a significant de-escalation of the situation.

Professional Protocols and Safety Measures

In cases where aggressive behavior is due to a mental illness, strict protocols are in place. If needed, restraining devices may be utilized, but they must be applied only when absolutely necessary for safety. Careful monitoring and strict protocols are essential to ensure the patient's and staff's safety.

It is imperative for any nurse or healthcare professional who gets injured on the job to report the incident promptly and seek medical evaluation. Unfortunately, nurses often downplay on-the-job injuries, which can be detrimental to their long-term health. Employers should prioritize the safety of their staff and encourage them to report injuries without fear of repercussions.

By following these strategies and adhering to the professional protocols in place, hospital staff can manage aggressive patients more effectively and ensure a safer environment for all.