Admiral Kimmel's Role during the Attack on Pearl Harbor: An Accountability Perspective

Admiral Husband E. Kimmel, the Commander of the United States Pacific Fleet, played a crucial role in the aftermath of the devastating attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. This article explores Kimmel's activities and responsibilities during the period from December 8 to December 17, 1941, as he worked to respond to the attack and prepare for potential further Japanese incursions. Additionally, we will discuss the controversial decision to relieve him of his command and the principle of command responsibility and accountability.

Activities from December 8 to December 17, 1941

Damage Assessment: Admiral Kimmel was heavily involved in evaluating the extent of the damage to the Pacific Fleet, which included determining losses in battleships, aircraft, and personnel. This assessment was critical for understanding the capabilities and limitations of the remaining fleet.

Response Coordination: Kimmel coordinated the immediate military response to the attack, focusing on preparing the fleet for potential further attacks and ensuring the safety of remaining naval assets. This involved issuing orders and adjusting fleet operations to maintain readiness.

Strategic Planning: After initially addressing the immediate crisis, Kimmel engaged in strategic discussions about countering Japanese advances. Though the focus shifted to recovery and defense, the strategic planning was vital for long-term operations.

Communication with Washington: Kimmel maintained regular communication with Washington D.C. to provide updates and seek additional resources and support. This communication was essential for coordinating national defense efforts and ensuring a cohesive strategy.

Understanding the Relief of Command

Following the attack, Admiral Kimmel was not formally informed of his relief from command until December 17, 1941. His relief was part of a broader response to the intelligence and preparedness failures that led to the attack on Pearl Harbor. This decision, while controversial, reflects the principle of command responsibility and accountability.

The concept of 'RHIP' (Rank Has Its Privileges) encapsulates the idea that high-ranking commanders bear significant responsibilities and accountabilities. This principle underscores that, regardless of whether specific actions caused the failure, a commander who suffers significant operational setbacks typically faces the consequences. Lives are at stake, and military commanders must accept their responsibilities, no matter how challenging the situation.

Historically, the military treats the relief of a commander with the same gravity as any other aspect of military accountability. Lives and mission success are paramount, and commanders recognize that they must be prepared to face the consequences of critical failures. Excuses or justifications are seldom heard or accepted, making Kimmel's relief a reflection of this unwavering commitment to accountability.

Conclusion

During the period following the Pearl Harbor attack, Admiral Kimmel was actively involved in damage control, strategic planning, and response coordination. His relief from command was a result of the broader accountability and responsibility principles within the military. While his relief may have been controversial, it remains a testament to the principle of command accountability, where high-ranking officials must be ready to face the consequences of military failures.